• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    This method comprises the steps of: detecting any light beam from 300 nm to 430 nm inside the distribution system and, in case of presence of this beam, generating a signal indicative of the presence of an internal arc to the inside the system, -analyze the characteristics of the aforementioned light beam from the aforementioned signal and, if these characteristics meet the conditions required to characterize an internal arc fault, send an internal arc fault signal then, -in the presence of 'an internal arc fault, mitigate its effects in the distribution system. This method is characterized in that, between the above-mentioned detection step and the analysis step, the visible-type part and the infra-red-type part of this bundle are eliminated, these parts being able to come from the ionised gases. ejected by the exhausts of a low-voltage circuit breaker cutting a short-circuit current. The protection device P for carrying out this method comprises a light detector (1) associated with current measurement sensors (6), and protection means (3) comprising a main circuit breaker (4), a short circuit breaker circuit-breaker (7) and a relay (5).
    公开号:FR3069951A1
    申请号:FR1757447
    申请日:2017-08-03
    公开日:2019-02-08
    发明作者:Marc Rival
    申请人:Schneider Electric Industries SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROTECTION AGAINST INTERNAL ARC FAULTS IN AN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, AND ELECTRICAL CABINET COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE.
    TECHNICAL AREA
    The present invention relates to protection against internal arc faults, in particular in electrical distribution systems such as electrical cabinets. More specifically, it relates to protective devices allowing selective tripping between internal arc faults and so-called “bolted” short circuit faults eliminated by low voltage air cut circuit breakers located downstream of the main circuit breaker .
    STATE OF THE PRIOR ART
    Low voltage electrical distribution systems include control and protection devices such as circuit breakers or low voltage contactors connected together by conductors (bars or cables). The flow of current is interrupted in the conductors by opening one or more control elements generating an electric arc. When interrupting currents equal to or less than the rated current, the arcs caused by the interruption are contained by the circuit breakers or contactors. They emit little light. During larger short-circuit currents, strong light is emitted from these devices outside of them.
    Sometimes, unwanted internal arcing faults can occur inside electrical cabinets, for example between conductors, or between a conductor and a metallic component connected to earth. These arcs can produce high-energy gases, which gases pose a threat to nearby structure and personnel. These arcs generally occur when an error is made by a person working near live parts. Recently, methods have been developed to minimize the severity of the explosion of an internal arc fault. One of these methods includes the simultaneous measurements of the intensity of the light emitted by the fault arc and the intensity of the current flowing in the busbar upstream of the fault. By combining the two measurements, this method makes it possible to avoid inadvertent triggering of the optical sensors due to the light emitted by other light sources such as installation inspection lamps, but does not make it possible to ensure the distinction between faults.
    Indeed, by combining simultaneous light and current measurements, we reduce the risk of inadvertent triggering which would be due to a strong parasitic light beam which would dazzle the optical sensors. With the simultaneous current measurement which would require an overload current greater than four times the nominal current for example to activate the sensor, the risk of nuisance tripping is very reduced. However, when a low-voltage circuit breaker located downstream of the optical device eliminates a short-circuit fault known as "bolted", it emits light simultaneously with the passage of limited current in the circuit. There is then a risk of untimely triggering. However, in this specific case, it is not desired to activate the relay for disconnection of the main circuit breaker, because the fault is eliminated by the circuit breaker downstream of the optical device and it is without risk for installation. On the other hand, in the event of a fault between the live parts of an installation, it is imperative to remove the arc generated in a very short time in order to protect personnel close to the fault (time less than 3 ms). Such an apparatus therefore does not allow the selectivity between the two circuit breakers to be conserved in a safe manner, that is to say the coordination of the protection devices to obtain that a fault occurring at any point of the network is eliminated by the circuit breaker placed immediately. upstream of the fault.
    STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention solves these problems and proposes a method and a device for protection against internal arc faults making it possible to discriminate very simply the light coming from an internal arc fault between two conductors, from that coming from the ionized gases ejected by the exhausts of a low voltage circuit breaker, this discrimination making it possible to maintain the selectivity between the low voltage protections, as well as the integrity of the electrical distribution cabinet comprising such a device.
    To this end, the present invention relates to a method of protection against internal arc faults in an electrical distribution system comprising the steps consisting in:
    -detect any light beam between 300 and 430 nm inside the distribution system and, if this beam is present, generate a signal indicative of the presence of an internal arc inside the system, -analyze the characteristics of the aforementioned light beam from the aforementioned signal and, if these characteristics meet the conditions required to characterize an internal arc fault, send an internal arc fault signal then,
    - in the presence of an internal arc fault, mitigate its effects in the distribution system.
    This process is characterized in that, between the above-mentioned detection step and analysis step, the visible type part and the infrared type part of this beam are eliminated, these parts being likely to come from ionized gases. ejected by the exhaust of a low voltage circuit breaker cutting a short-circuit current.
    According to a particular characteristic, between the aforementioned detection step and the analysis step, all the light waves of the beam having a frequency strictly greater than 430 nm are blocked.
    According to a particular characteristic, the above-mentioned analysis step includes a step of measuring the intensity of the light beam.
    The present invention also relates to a device for protection against internal arc faults in an electrical distribution system comprising:
    a light detector (1) placed inside the aforementioned distribution system and capable of detecting a light beam between 300 and 430nm inside this system, and of generating a signal indicative of an internal arc at inside the system,
    processing means coupled to the aforementioned detector (1) and configured to analyze this light beam from the aforementioned signal, and to generate a signal indicative of an internal arc fault if the conditions of such a fault are observed, and
    -electrical protection means (3) configured to receive the arc fault signal and to attenuate the arc in the distribution system.
    This device is characterized in that this detector is capable of eliminating the visible type part and the infrared type part of this light beam, and generating a signal indicating the presence of an internal arc propagating in the system by presence of a part of the light beam other than of visible or IR type, called the remaining part of the beam, and in that the aforementioned processing means are configured to analyze this part of beam other than of visible or IR type, from the aforementioned signal, and to generate a signal indicative of an internal arc fault if the conditions of such a fault are observed.
    According to a particular characteristic, the aforementioned processing means comprise means for measuring the intensity of this remaining part of the light beam.
    According to another characteristic, this light detector comprises at least one optical sensor or at least one optical fiber.
    According to another characteristic, the or each optical sensor comprises at least one photo diode (s) and / or at least one photo transistor (s), the or each photo diode or photo transistor being equipped with a low pass filter blocking the beams wavelength greater than 450nm (+/- 20nm).
    According to another embodiment, the or each optical sensor comprises at least one photo diode and / or at least one photo transistor, the or each photo diode or photo transistor being equipped with a band pass filter of 400nm (+/- 20nm).
    According to a particular characteristic, the or each optical fiber is of the type transporting UV, and is associated with a band pass filter of 400nm (+ / 20nm) or with a low pass optical filter blocking wavelengths greater than 450nm (+ / -20nm).
    Note that it will be possible to obtain thin film deposits directly on the end of a fiber with an electron beam evaporation system.
    The present invention also relates to an electrical distribution system comprising a protection device comprising the above-mentioned characteristics taken alone or in combination.
    According to a particular characteristic, this system comprises a busbar, a protection device comprising the aforementioned characteristics taken alone or in combination, as well as electrical protection means intended to attenuate the effects of a possible internal arc fault at inside the system.
    According to a particular characteristic, the aforementioned protection means comprise a so-called main circuit breaker supplied by the aforementioned busbar, a relay capable of receiving measurement information concerning on the one hand the light inside the system and on the other hand , the current flowing in the busbar, and a short circuit electrically connected on the one hand to the main circuit breaker and on the other hand to the relay, said relay being able to send, when the threshold value is reached for the two aforementioned measurements , two orders in parallel respectively, an order to activate the short-circuiter, and an order to activate the opening of the main circuit breaker.
    According to another characteristic, this system also comprises at least one low voltage air cut-out circuit breaker located downstream of the light detection device.
    According to another characteristic, this system is a low voltage electrical cabinet.
    However, other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear better in the detailed description which follows and refers to the appended drawings given solely by way of example and in which:
    FIG. 1 is a partial view, illustrating a device for protection against electric arcs, according to the invention, mounted in an electrical cabinet,
    FIG. 2 is a graphical representation illustrating the intensity of a light beam as a function of its wavelength, this light beam being generated in the electrical cabinet during the simultaneous presence of an internal arc fault and a short circuit cut by a low voltage circuit breaker, and
    FIG. 3 is the same graphic representation, illustrating the part of the light beam detected by the light detector according to the invention.
    In Figure 1, we see an electrical protection device P against internal arc faults, intended to be installed inside an electrical distribution system, here an electrical cabinet, housing a busbar J, said busbar being intended to supply or connect electrically control and / or protection members such as circuit breakers or low voltage contactors.
    This electrical protection device P comprises in a manner known per se an arc detector comprising on the one hand a light detector sensor 1 associated with a current measurement sensor 6 and on the other hand, electrical protection means 3 intended to mitigate the effects of a possible arc fault.
    These electrical protection means 3 comprise a so-called main circuit breaker 4 supplied by the aforementioned busbar J, a relay 5 capable of receiving information concerning on the one hand, the light emitted inside the distribution system via of the light detector 1, and on the other hand, the current flowing in the busbar J, by means of current sensors 6 placed on the different bars, as well as a short-circuiter 7. This short-circuiter 7 is electrically connected on the one hand, to the busbar J, and on the other hand, to relay 5. The relay is able to send, when the threshold value is reached for the two aforementioned measurements concerning light and current, two orders in parallel respectively, an order to activate the short-circuiter 7, and an order to activate the opening of the main circuit breaker 4.
    According to the invention, this light detector 1 comprises means for eliminating the visible type parts and the infrared type parts of the emitted light beam. Advantageously, this light detector 1 includes means for blocking all light waves having a frequency strictly greater than 430 nm.
    According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, this light detector 1 is an optical sensor constituted by a photo diode capturing UV, visible and IR light, this photo diode being equipped with a filter blocking wavelengths greater than 450 nm (+/- 20 nm).
    Other types of sensors could be used, such as, for example, photo transistors equipped with filters blocking the wavelengths or even bandpass filters.
    Thus, with regard to point sensors, we could consider equipping standard low-cost photo diodes or photo transistors (capturing UV, visible and IR light) with a filter blocking wavelengths greater than 450nm ( +/- 20nm) or a 400nm band pass filter (+/- 20nm).
    These optical sensors can also be produced by optical fibers. In this case, it is possible to opt for optical fibers transporting UV without attenuation associated with 400nm band pass filters (+/- 20nm) or else low pass optical filters blocking wavelengths greater than 450nm ( +/- 20nm).
    Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the spectrum of the light beam present inside the distribution system in the presence of both an internal arc fault and a short-circuit fault, these two figures respectively representing the beam intensity I as a function of wavelength I. In FIGS. 2 and 3, the beam parts F correspond to a light beam generated by the exhausts of a low voltage circuit breaker located downstream of the light sensor and cutting a short-circuit current, while the beam portions D correspond to the light beam generated by the presence of an internal arc fault inside the distribution system.
    FIG. 3 illustrates by a box E the selection made by the light sensor, which only takes into account light waves of wavelength less than 450nm.
    Thus, the method and the device for protection against internal arcs according to the invention make it possible to detect the light generated by an accidental internal arc arising between two live parts of an electrical installation (2 phases) (or one phase and the neutral ) while remaining inactive when the light is generated by the exhaust gases from a low-voltage circuit breaker interrupting an electrical fault outside the cabinet.
    This is made possible by a device comprising for example a sensor or optical fiber configured to eliminate visible and IR light and generate a signal indicative of an arc event propagating inside the cabinet, means of processing coupled to the sensor and configured to analyze a light characteristic from the signal sent by the sensor and to generate a signal indicating an internal arc fault. For example, this luminous characteristic can be the intensity of the light, which when it is greater than 8000 Lux, would cause a change of state of the relay in order to indicate an internal arc fault.
    Finally, the protection device according to the invention also includes protection means configured to receive the internal arc fault signal and to reduce its effect in the distribution cabinet.
    In operation, the relay receives two pieces of information, one concerning the light, another concerning the current. But at this point, the possibility of light emitted by a circuit breaker is eliminated. If the threshold value is reached for the two measurements concerning light and current, the relay sends two orders in parallel, one to activate the pyrotechnic short-circuiter, the other to activate the opening of the head circuit breaker. The activation of the short-circuiter and the opening of the circuit-breaker are only carried out if there is an internal arc fault.
    Thus, the invention allows selective tripping between the internal arcs and those generated by the low voltage circuit breakers with cut-off in the air.
    This process makes it possible both to maintain the selectivity of low voltage protections and to ensure the protection of persons working near live conductors.
    Indeed, either the device detects an internal arc fault and this fault will be eliminated by the disconnection carried out by the main circuit breaker and the short-circuiter, or it will be a short-circuit fault of the “bolted” type, which will not be detected by the internal arc detector, but will be eliminated by the low voltage circuit breaker located downstream from the internal arc detector.
    Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and illustrated which have been given only by way of example.
    On the contrary, the invention includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these are carried out according to the spirit.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Method of protection against internal arc faults in an electrical distribution system comprising the steps of:
    -detect any light beam between 300 and 430 nm inside the distribution system and, if this beam is present, generate a signal indicative of the presence of an internal arc inside the system, -analyze the characteristics of the aforementioned light beam from the aforementioned signal and, if these characteristics meet the conditions required to characterize an internal arc fault, send an internal arc fault signal then,
    - in the presence of an internal arc fault, mitigate its effects in the distribution system,
    -characterized in that, between the aforementioned detection step and analysis step, the visible type part and the infrared type part of this beam are eliminated, these parts being likely to come from ionized gases ejected by exhaust from a low voltage circuit breaker breaking a short-circuit current.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. A protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, between the above-mentioned detection step and the analysis step, all the light waves of the beam having a frequency strictly greater than 430 nm are blocked.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Protection method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the aforementioned analysis step comprises a step of measuring the intensity of the light beam.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Protection device against internal arc faults in an electrical distribution system comprising:
    a light detector (1) placed inside the aforementioned distribution system and capable of detecting a light beam between 300 and 430nm inside this system, and of generating a signal indicative of an internal arc at inside the system,
    processing means coupled to the aforementioned detector (1) and configured to analyze this light beam from the aforementioned signal, and to generate a signal indicative of an internal arc fault if the conditions of such a fault are observed, and
    electrical protection means (3) configured to receive the arc fault signal and to attenuate the arc in the distribution system, characterized in that this detector (1) is capable of eliminating the visible type part and the infrared type part of this light beam, and generating a signal indicating the presence of an internal arc propagating in the system in the presence of a light beam part other than of visible or IR type, called the remaining part of the beam, and in that the aforementioned processing means are configured to analyze this part of the beam other than of visible or IR type, from the aforementioned signal, and to generate a signal indicative of internal arc fault if the conditions d 'such a defect are observed.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Protective device according to claim 4, characterized in that the aforementioned processing means comprise means for measuring the intensity of this remaining part of the light beam.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Protection device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that this light detector (1) comprises at least one optical sensor or at least one optical fiber.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Protection device according to claim 6, characterized in that the or each optical sensor comprises at least one photo diode (s) and / or at least one photo transistor (s), the or each photo diode or photo transistor being equipped a low pass filter blocking beams of wavelength greater than 450nm (+/- 20nm).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Protection device according to claim 6, characterized in that the or
    5 each optical sensor comprises at least one photo diode and / or at least one photo transistor, the or each photo diode or photo transistor being equipped with a 400nm (+/- 20nm) bandpass filter,
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Protection device according to claim 6, characterized in that the or
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10 each optical fiber is of the UV transporting type, and is associated with a 400nm (+/- 20nm) bandpass filter or with a lowpass optical filter blocking wavelengths greater than 450nm (+/- 20nm).
    10. Electrical distribution system, characterized in that it comprises a
    15 protection device according to any one of claims 4 to 9.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Electrical distribution system comprising a set of crossed bars J, a protection device P according to any one of claims 4 to 9, as well as electrical protection means (3) intended to attenuate the
    20 effects of a possible internal arc fault inside the system.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Electrical distribution system according to claim 11, characterized in that the aforementioned protection means (3) comprise a so-called main circuit breaker (4) supplied by the aforementioned busbar J, a relay (5) capable of
    25 receive measurement information on the one hand about the light inside the system and on the other hand, the current flowing in the busbar J, and a short circuit (7) electrically connected on the one hand to the main circuit breaker (4) and on the other hand to the relay (5), said relay being able to send, when the threshold value is reached for the two measurements
    30 above, two orders in parallel respectively, an order to activate the short-circuiter (7), and an order to activate the opening of the main circuit breaker (4).
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. Distribution system according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that it further comprises at least one low voltage air cut-out circuit breaker located downstream of the light detection device (1).
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Distribution system according to claim 13, characterized in that it is a low voltage electrical cabinet.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    法律状态:
    2019-02-08| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20190208 |
    2019-07-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-08-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2021-08-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1757447A|FR3069951B1|2017-08-03|2017-08-03|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROTECTION AGAINST INTERNAL ARC DEFECTS IN AN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, AND ELECTRICAL CABINET HAVING SUCH A DEVICE|
    FR1757447|2017-08-03|FR1757447A| FR3069951B1|2017-08-03|2017-08-03|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROTECTION AGAINST INTERNAL ARC DEFECTS IN AN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, AND ELECTRICAL CABINET HAVING SUCH A DEVICE|
    EP18172800.7A| EP3439128B1|2017-08-03|2018-05-17|Method and device for protection against internal arcing faults in an electrical distribution system, and electrical cabinet comprising such a device|
    US15/996,559| US10958061B2|2017-08-03|2018-06-04|Method and device for protection from internal arcs in an electrical distribution system, and electrical cabinet including such a device|
    CN201810714841.7A| CN109390901A|2017-08-03|2018-07-03|Internal arc means of defence, device and the electrical cabinet including it in distribution system|
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